Thursday, 25 April 2013
A thick blanket of fog shrouds the Park this morning, making patches of Blackthorn rise like islands out of a white sea and carpeting the grass with a heavy dew.
Calls and songs ring out through the still air, with the ‘see-sawing’ of Great Tits still by far the most widespread, though now joined by a variety of other calls and songs. One nice new addition is the scratchy song of Lesser Whitethroat, who have started to return in the last few days, joining the much more numerous Whitethroats, who are scattered across bushes and scrub.
Also in good voice, Yellowhammers, Chaffinches, Song Thrushes and Blackbirds, with the fluty notes of Blackcaps, querying calls of Willow Warblers and repetitive notes of Chiffchaffs echoing around the Gully. Sedge Warbler (another new arrival), Jay, Great Spotted Woodpecker, a Tawny Owl heard in the woodland below the Car Parks and the mewing of a Buzzard rising up out of the mist in Durlston Bay.
Out in the meadows, at long last, Cowslips are making an impressive show, though still only about half the size one would expect at this time of year!
Early Spider Orchids are also finally starting to bloom, though still in small numbers – another week should see many more in flower, with one of the first Early Purple Orchids in bloom in the Finches.
Out on the downs, look out for Hairy Violets, which are starting to bloom, along with Whitlow Grass, Early Scurvy Grass and the fluffy flower heads of Spring Sedge.Blackthorn is starting to bloom along the hedges, with fresh green leaves starting to appear on Hawthorn.
A Black Redstart weaves in and out of the tumbled rocks at Tilly Whim, with a Kestrel perched on the rocks above.
Calls and songs ring out through the still air, with the ‘see-sawing’ of Great Tits still by far the most widespread, though now joined by a variety of other calls and songs. One nice new addition is the scratchy song of Lesser Whitethroat, who have started to return in the last few days, joining the much more numerous Whitethroats, who are scattered across bushes and scrub.
Also in good voice, Yellowhammers, Chaffinches, Song Thrushes and Blackbirds, with the fluty notes of Blackcaps, querying calls of Willow Warblers and repetitive notes of Chiffchaffs echoing around the Gully. Sedge Warbler (another new arrival), Jay, Great Spotted Woodpecker, a Tawny Owl heard in the woodland below the Car Parks and the mewing of a Buzzard rising up out of the mist in Durlston Bay.
Out in the meadows, at long last, Cowslips are making an impressive show, though still only about half the size one would expect at this time of year!
Early Spider Orchids are also finally starting to bloom, though still in small numbers – another week should see many more in flower, with one of the first Early Purple Orchids in bloom in the Finches.
Out on the downs, look out for Hairy Violets, which are starting to bloom, along with Whitlow Grass, Early Scurvy Grass and the fluffy flower heads of Spring Sedge.Blackthorn is starting to bloom along the hedges, with fresh green leaves starting to appear on Hawthorn.
A Black Redstart weaves in and out of the tumbled rocks at Tilly Whim, with a Kestrel perched on the rocks above.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Mild and calm, chance of showers later |
| Max Temperature (c) |
12.4 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
6.1 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
16 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
Trace |
Wednesday, 24 April 2013
A swirling grey mist greeted me on arrival today, quite a change from yesterday’s bright sun. Despite today’s cool and grey start it does feel as if spring has arrived properly at last after the couple of ‘false starts’ during the previous six weeks. This is due in part to the sudden appearance of the white flowers of Blackthorn and the thousands of Cowslips that have sprung up in the past couple of days.
Many other signs of spring can now be found all over the park such as the flush of new leaves over shrubs and bushes such as Bramble, Hawthorn, Elder and Field Rose amongst others.
Out in the meadows the leaves of Clover, Bulbous Buttercup, Burdock and Crow Garlic (Wild Chives) can be found whilst around the hedgerow and scrub edges Cleavers (Goose grass), Cow Parsley, Wild Parsnip and Hogweed leaves were all noted.
Look out for the blue flowers of Hairy Violet, as good place to spot these is in the Quarr in Saxon Field. Also noted there were the yellow flowers of Lesser Celandine and Dandelion along with a peppering of white Daisies.
A kerfuffle erupted in a nearby scrub patch, after a couple of seconds a Jay exploded out of the bush closely followed by a very irate female Blackbird, who was surprisingly aggressive considering the size difference.
Sitting on top of an anthill were the delicate little white flowers of Scurvygrass, beneath it there were the fresh excavations of the anthills residents – Yellow Meadow Ants.
The scratchy song of a Common Whitethroat could be heard loud and clear in Saxon Field, further away another 2 could be heard singing.
Many other signs of spring can now be found all over the park such as the flush of new leaves over shrubs and bushes such as Bramble, Hawthorn, Elder and Field Rose amongst others.
Out in the meadows the leaves of Clover, Bulbous Buttercup, Burdock and Crow Garlic (Wild Chives) can be found whilst around the hedgerow and scrub edges Cleavers (Goose grass), Cow Parsley, Wild Parsnip and Hogweed leaves were all noted.
Look out for the blue flowers of Hairy Violet, as good place to spot these is in the Quarr in Saxon Field. Also noted there were the yellow flowers of Lesser Celandine and Dandelion along with a peppering of white Daisies.
A kerfuffle erupted in a nearby scrub patch, after a couple of seconds a Jay exploded out of the bush closely followed by a very irate female Blackbird, who was surprisingly aggressive considering the size difference.
Sitting on top of an anthill were the delicate little white flowers of Scurvygrass, beneath it there were the fresh excavations of the anthills residents – Yellow Meadow Ants.
The scratchy song of a Common Whitethroat could be heard loud and clear in Saxon Field, further away another 2 could be heard singing.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Overcast |
| Max Temperature (c) |
14.7 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
7.9 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
21 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0 |
Tuesday, 23 April 2013
A beautiful spring morning, with bright sunshine sparkling on the dew in the meadows and not a cloud in the sky.
Just outside the Learning Centre, a pair of Great Tits hurry back and forwards from their nest (have a look at the live camera in the Castle to see inside, where you can also watch the Guillemots on our cliff camera, who are packed ‘shoulder to shoulder’ on the ledges).
A pair of Kestrels seen (and heard!) mating at Tilly Whim, where what appears to be a breeding pair of Black Redstart are also in residence – fingers crossed! The harsh croaks of a Raven echo off the cliffs as he passes by, as Rock Pipits hurl themselves into the air, ‘parachuting’ down as they sing.
Overnight, Whitethroats have arrived in large numbers, with 12 seen or heard during a brisk walk across South and Saxon Fields and many more in the scrub and hedgerows around the Park. A few Lesser Whitethroat also starting to appear, though in much smaller numbers.
Also newly returned, a few Wheatears strutting along on the Downs and Chiffchaffs, Willow Warblers and Blackcaps singing in the Gully.
The wonderful, liquid song of a Skylark above the meadows – they are starting to take up territory, so please keep to the paths and keep dogs under close control when in these fields from now on.
Overhead, Swallows and House Martins continue to sweep in off the sea (though no repeat of yesterday’s early Swift).
Cowslips are becoming more numerous (although still very small!), with Hairy Violets scattered across the downland, and a few of the tiny blue flowers of Milkwort finally starting to appear.
As I cycled up the hill, once again, the noisy drumming of a Great Spotted Woodpecker heard among the trees near the Aviaries.
Just outside the Learning Centre, a pair of Great Tits hurry back and forwards from their nest (have a look at the live camera in the Castle to see inside, where you can also watch the Guillemots on our cliff camera, who are packed ‘shoulder to shoulder’ on the ledges).
A pair of Kestrels seen (and heard!) mating at Tilly Whim, where what appears to be a breeding pair of Black Redstart are also in residence – fingers crossed! The harsh croaks of a Raven echo off the cliffs as he passes by, as Rock Pipits hurl themselves into the air, ‘parachuting’ down as they sing.
Overnight, Whitethroats have arrived in large numbers, with 12 seen or heard during a brisk walk across South and Saxon Fields and many more in the scrub and hedgerows around the Park. A few Lesser Whitethroat also starting to appear, though in much smaller numbers.
Also newly returned, a few Wheatears strutting along on the Downs and Chiffchaffs, Willow Warblers and Blackcaps singing in the Gully.
The wonderful, liquid song of a Skylark above the meadows – they are starting to take up territory, so please keep to the paths and keep dogs under close control when in these fields from now on.
Overhead, Swallows and House Martins continue to sweep in off the sea (though no repeat of yesterday’s early Swift).
Cowslips are becoming more numerous (although still very small!), with Hairy Violets scattered across the downland, and a few of the tiny blue flowers of Milkwort finally starting to appear.
As I cycled up the hill, once again, the noisy drumming of a Great Spotted Woodpecker heard among the trees near the Aviaries.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Dry and sunny |
| Max Temperature (c) |
11.3 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
7.6 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
21 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
Trace |
Saturday, 20 April 2013
Another glorious morning with hazy sunshine gently increasing the temperature and drying off the dew left overnight. Gone is yesterdays cool breeze and there is now only the slightest of movement.
First off today was a quick shuffle around the car parks to put the signage to tell everyone of our first wedding of the year here at Durlston – congratulations to Georgina and Russell! This means that the Belvedere and Gallery level will be closed for much of the day – ask at the front desk about timings. Whilst walking around I noticed the beautiful small blue flowers of Forget-me-not growing out of the kerbstones and the peppering of the white, yellow and pink of Daisies all over the grassed areas.
A blur of movement drew the eye to a nearby Hawthorn bush - 4 male Chaffinch were having a fight. Whether it was a territorial battle or over a female I couldn’t tell but after several minutes three had retreated to leave the victor to sit in his bush and take a well earned rest.
Moving down the timeline several Grey Squirrels scampered off on approach and nearby a few Woodpigeon could be heard gently cooing.
The small blue flowers of the confusingly titled Green Alkanet can be seen growing along the side of the Castle Road, above them a typically noisy Jay screeched as it hopped from branch to branch.
A check of Caravan Terrace revealed a great display of Primroses, behind them the tinkle of water cascading down the rock face tells how much water there is in the ground – no wonder there have been so many landslips this year.
Rather quiet in Durlston Bay today apart from a pair of Herring Gulls padding their way over the rock in search of something to eat.
Much more activity around the headland with Cormorant and Shag passing by eastwards, a raft of 9 Razorbills and 26 Guillemots on the water and groups of Jackdaws, Herring Gulls, Fulmars and Feral Pigeon all being harried by a Raven – no wonder the Guillemots were on the water!
First off today was a quick shuffle around the car parks to put the signage to tell everyone of our first wedding of the year here at Durlston – congratulations to Georgina and Russell! This means that the Belvedere and Gallery level will be closed for much of the day – ask at the front desk about timings. Whilst walking around I noticed the beautiful small blue flowers of Forget-me-not growing out of the kerbstones and the peppering of the white, yellow and pink of Daisies all over the grassed areas.
A blur of movement drew the eye to a nearby Hawthorn bush - 4 male Chaffinch were having a fight. Whether it was a territorial battle or over a female I couldn’t tell but after several minutes three had retreated to leave the victor to sit in his bush and take a well earned rest.
Moving down the timeline several Grey Squirrels scampered off on approach and nearby a few Woodpigeon could be heard gently cooing.
The small blue flowers of the confusingly titled Green Alkanet can be seen growing along the side of the Castle Road, above them a typically noisy Jay screeched as it hopped from branch to branch.
A check of Caravan Terrace revealed a great display of Primroses, behind them the tinkle of water cascading down the rock face tells how much water there is in the ground – no wonder there have been so many landslips this year.
Rather quiet in Durlston Bay today apart from a pair of Herring Gulls padding their way over the rock in search of something to eat.
Much more activity around the headland with Cormorant and Shag passing by eastwards, a raft of 9 Razorbills and 26 Guillemots on the water and groups of Jackdaws, Herring Gulls, Fulmars and Feral Pigeon all being harried by a Raven – no wonder the Guillemots were on the water!
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Bright and sunny |
| Max Temperature (c) |
13.8 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
5.4 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
21 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0 |
Friday, 19 April 2013
A gloriously sunny and spring-like start to the day up here at the park, the sound of bird songs and calls filling the air. As I locked the Learning Centre at the start of my patrol I could hear 3 or 4 Chiffchaffs singing along with 2 Blackbirds, a Blue Tit and several Great Tits adding to the morning’s symphony. On top of this there were the calls of Carrion Crow, Herring Gulls and a Cock Pheasant, and further away in the distance there was the chug-chug-chug of a fishing boats diesel engine.
Patrolling out into the park the ‘wheet-wheet’ calls of Willow Warblers came from the bud-covered Hawthorn and Bramble bushes. Look out for the flowers of Cowslip and Hairy Violet and the leaves of Crow Garlic, Bristly Ox-tongue, Ribwort Plantain and Woolly Thistle as you walk through the meadows and downland.
A move over to the Large Copse revealed the tap-tap-tap of a Great Spotted Woodpecker working its way up a dead Elm tree. Standing dead wood is a valuable habitat especially for the invertebrates on which the Woodpecker was feeding.
The recent abrupt rise in temperatures has stimulated many of the trees to go into growth with the fluffy buds of Willow, the slim pale green buds of Sycamore and the furry leaves of Horse Chestnut unfurling.
At the bottom of Boys Brigade the large black buds of Ash were being munched by a group of greedy Woodpigeon. These usually very wary birds were too busy scoffing their breakfast today to worry about me passing by.
Great to see some Bumble Bees flying around this morning, but I’ve yet to spot a Butterfly this year
Whilst checking the new landslips above Durlston Bay I noted a bunch of Daffodils growing out of the bare earth, whilst below in the bay a lone Oystercatcher passed by calling ‘kleep-kleep-kleep’ as it went.
A fantastic photo below of a Badger last night that was captured by our new trap-camera
Patrolling out into the park the ‘wheet-wheet’ calls of Willow Warblers came from the bud-covered Hawthorn and Bramble bushes. Look out for the flowers of Cowslip and Hairy Violet and the leaves of Crow Garlic, Bristly Ox-tongue, Ribwort Plantain and Woolly Thistle as you walk through the meadows and downland.
A move over to the Large Copse revealed the tap-tap-tap of a Great Spotted Woodpecker working its way up a dead Elm tree. Standing dead wood is a valuable habitat especially for the invertebrates on which the Woodpecker was feeding.
The recent abrupt rise in temperatures has stimulated many of the trees to go into growth with the fluffy buds of Willow, the slim pale green buds of Sycamore and the furry leaves of Horse Chestnut unfurling.
At the bottom of Boys Brigade the large black buds of Ash were being munched by a group of greedy Woodpigeon. These usually very wary birds were too busy scoffing their breakfast today to worry about me passing by.
Great to see some Bumble Bees flying around this morning, but I’ve yet to spot a Butterfly this year
Whilst checking the new landslips above Durlston Bay I noted a bunch of Daffodils growing out of the bare earth, whilst below in the bay a lone Oystercatcher passed by calling ‘kleep-kleep-kleep’ as it went.
A fantastic photo below of a Badger last night that was captured by our new trap-camera
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Sunny spells |
| Max Temperature (c) |
10.1 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
6.3 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
28 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0 |
Thursday, 18 April 2013
A very windy morning with the sky changing as the clouds were blown across, the colours altering as they moved from dark black with the threat of rain to wispy white and blue skies.
A short seawatch from the coast path produced a reasonable list of 30 or more Gannets, 2 Manx Shearwaters, 5 Whimbrel, 2 Arctic Skuas, 1 Puffin and all 3 of our regular Terns – 10 Common, 1 Arctic and 3 Sandwich.
Onshore the migration is very slow, and those that are seen were mostly hiding in the sheltered areas. A single Redstart seen perched on the fluffy ended branches of a Willow – a superb sight of this black headed and grey backed male with a bright red front.
Near the Dew Pond the reeling sound of a Grasshopper Warbler could just about be heard above the buffeting of the wind. A Blackcap, Willow Warbler and Chiffchaff also in this area, while being blown across the front slopes 3 Wheatears and a number of Meadow Pipits, some of which were singing. Down near Tilly Whim interestingly 2 Black Redstarts, hopefully this male and female will stay.
Overhead activity saw 100+ Linnets, 50 Goldfinches, 4 Siskins, 1 Reed Bunting, 1 Tree Pipit and a few Pied Wagtails. A few House Martins and Sand Martins also spotted but Swallows were slightly more numerous.
Perched on the top of an Elder was a male Kestrel, while over the top a Raven flew north making a loud croak as it went. Across the meadows the Cowslips are beginning to show – if you look carefully! Primroses, Daffodils, Dandelion and Lesser Celandine also in bloom.
On the ground a close inspection saw Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetles and a Greater Bloody-nosed Beetle, while Mining Bees are becoming active as can be seen by the small piles of excavated earth.
Scampering across the grass a Stoat and laying on the rocks 2 Roe Deer.
STOP PRESS: Brimstone and Comma butterflies on the wing
A short seawatch from the coast path produced a reasonable list of 30 or more Gannets, 2 Manx Shearwaters, 5 Whimbrel, 2 Arctic Skuas, 1 Puffin and all 3 of our regular Terns – 10 Common, 1 Arctic and 3 Sandwich.
Onshore the migration is very slow, and those that are seen were mostly hiding in the sheltered areas. A single Redstart seen perched on the fluffy ended branches of a Willow – a superb sight of this black headed and grey backed male with a bright red front.
Near the Dew Pond the reeling sound of a Grasshopper Warbler could just about be heard above the buffeting of the wind. A Blackcap, Willow Warbler and Chiffchaff also in this area, while being blown across the front slopes 3 Wheatears and a number of Meadow Pipits, some of which were singing. Down near Tilly Whim interestingly 2 Black Redstarts, hopefully this male and female will stay.
Overhead activity saw 100+ Linnets, 50 Goldfinches, 4 Siskins, 1 Reed Bunting, 1 Tree Pipit and a few Pied Wagtails. A few House Martins and Sand Martins also spotted but Swallows were slightly more numerous.
Perched on the top of an Elder was a male Kestrel, while over the top a Raven flew north making a loud croak as it went. Across the meadows the Cowslips are beginning to show – if you look carefully! Primroses, Daffodils, Dandelion and Lesser Celandine also in bloom.
On the ground a close inspection saw Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetles and a Greater Bloody-nosed Beetle, while Mining Bees are becoming active as can be seen by the small piles of excavated earth.
Scampering across the grass a Stoat and laying on the rocks 2 Roe Deer.
STOP PRESS: Brimstone and Comma butterflies on the wing
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Wind & Sun |
| Max Temperature (c) |
10.7 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
6.9 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
35 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
trace |
Wednesday, 17 April 2013
A damp and misty start to the day, however despite the lack of sunshine, the song and calls of a variety of birds is a reminder that spring really is here!
Blackthorn is finally starting to flower, speckling the dark branches and stems with white buds. Among the bushes, Willow Warbler, Chiffchaff, Blackcap and Sedge Warbler are all in song, their notes mingling with regulars including Long-tailed Tits, Greenfinches, Yellowhammers, Blackbird, Song Thrush and Robin adding to a richly varied chorus.
The notes of a Black Redstart in song echo around the rocks at Tilly Whim, with the ‘song’ of a Jay heard in the woods (including an impressive impression of a ‘mewing’ Buzzard.
Overhead, migration is starting to gather pace, with birds seen or heard including Tree Pipits, Pied Wagtails, Meadow Pipits, 4 Siskins, 15 Swallows, 2 House Martins, a few Linnets and a few bobbing flocks of Goldfinches.
A productive sea-watch this morning, with a good variety of seabirds passing by. 10 Common Tern and 5 Sandwich Tern were a sign of the turning seasons, with Kittiwakes, Common Gulls, Black-headed Gulls and Great and Lesser Black-backed Gull also seen.
Further out to sea, 3 Whimbrel and a Great Northern Diver passing by, with Guillemots and Razorbills bobbing on the water close in to the cliffs.
Plenty of other bird to be seen (or heard), including Wheatear, Skylark, Peregrine, Kestrel, Buzzard and Raven.
Lots of Fox musk smelled around the Park, with a pair of Roe Deer lying up in the scrub in the Upper Gulley and a Stoat bounding across the grassland in the Lighthouse Field.
Blackthorn is finally starting to flower, speckling the dark branches and stems with white buds. Among the bushes, Willow Warbler, Chiffchaff, Blackcap and Sedge Warbler are all in song, their notes mingling with regulars including Long-tailed Tits, Greenfinches, Yellowhammers, Blackbird, Song Thrush and Robin adding to a richly varied chorus.
The notes of a Black Redstart in song echo around the rocks at Tilly Whim, with the ‘song’ of a Jay heard in the woods (including an impressive impression of a ‘mewing’ Buzzard.
Overhead, migration is starting to gather pace, with birds seen or heard including Tree Pipits, Pied Wagtails, Meadow Pipits, 4 Siskins, 15 Swallows, 2 House Martins, a few Linnets and a few bobbing flocks of Goldfinches.
A productive sea-watch this morning, with a good variety of seabirds passing by. 10 Common Tern and 5 Sandwich Tern were a sign of the turning seasons, with Kittiwakes, Common Gulls, Black-headed Gulls and Great and Lesser Black-backed Gull also seen.
Further out to sea, 3 Whimbrel and a Great Northern Diver passing by, with Guillemots and Razorbills bobbing on the water close in to the cliffs.
Plenty of other bird to be seen (or heard), including Wheatear, Skylark, Peregrine, Kestrel, Buzzard and Raven.
Lots of Fox musk smelled around the Park, with a pair of Roe Deer lying up in the scrub in the Upper Gulley and a Stoat bounding across the grassland in the Lighthouse Field.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Sunny spells |
| Max Temperature (c) |
- |
| Min Temperature (c) |
- |
|
Max gust (mph) |
- |
| Rainfall (mm) |
- |
Tuesday, 16 April 2013
Cloud cover hangs low across the reserve this morning with thin patches of fog wafting across the grasslands.
At first it appeared that this would have potentially reduced the amount of migrants seen or heard, but after the morning rounds there was a surprisingly good amount about.
The first Whitethroat of the year was seen across the downland along with potentially the first Sedge Warbler?
Over towards the western boundary at Belle Vue a single Ring Ouzel was seen amongst the thick scrub, along with 4 late Redwings and a pleasant mix of breeding birds getting ready to set up territories, including Stonechat, Yellowhammer, Bullfinch and Linnet.
Throughout the course of the morning a steady flow of passage overhead was made up of Grey Wagtail, Pied Wagtail, Yellow Wagtail, Meadow Pipit, Tree Pipit, Linnet, Brambling along with 8 Swallows and 2 House Martins.
Black Redstart song seemed to be amplified by the echo around Tilly Whim, whilst a Fulmar cruised by above without a single wing beat.
Out of the sea the highlight of the morning included one of the first sightings of a Manx Shearwater, a bird that has potentially just returned from South America and is on its way back to the breeding colonies dotted along the west coast of Wales and Scotland.
Further sightings at sea included Red-throated Diver, Sandwich Tern, 10 Common Tern, 20 Kittiwake and 2 Artic Skuas.
Further inshore large numbers of up to 400 Guillemots swirl through the air or floated on the waves below the breeding ledges.
Walking back up to the Castle a wonderful variety of bird song and calls rang out from the vegetation above Durlston bay with Chiffchaff, Blackcap, Willow Warbler, Robin and Wren with 2 Redstarts later seen amongst the bushes.
At first it appeared that this would have potentially reduced the amount of migrants seen or heard, but after the morning rounds there was a surprisingly good amount about.
The first Whitethroat of the year was seen across the downland along with potentially the first Sedge Warbler?
Over towards the western boundary at Belle Vue a single Ring Ouzel was seen amongst the thick scrub, along with 4 late Redwings and a pleasant mix of breeding birds getting ready to set up territories, including Stonechat, Yellowhammer, Bullfinch and Linnet.
Throughout the course of the morning a steady flow of passage overhead was made up of Grey Wagtail, Pied Wagtail, Yellow Wagtail, Meadow Pipit, Tree Pipit, Linnet, Brambling along with 8 Swallows and 2 House Martins.
Black Redstart song seemed to be amplified by the echo around Tilly Whim, whilst a Fulmar cruised by above without a single wing beat.
Out of the sea the highlight of the morning included one of the first sightings of a Manx Shearwater, a bird that has potentially just returned from South America and is on its way back to the breeding colonies dotted along the west coast of Wales and Scotland.
Further sightings at sea included Red-throated Diver, Sandwich Tern, 10 Common Tern, 20 Kittiwake and 2 Artic Skuas.
Further inshore large numbers of up to 400 Guillemots swirl through the air or floated on the waves below the breeding ledges.
Walking back up to the Castle a wonderful variety of bird song and calls rang out from the vegetation above Durlston bay with Chiffchaff, Blackcap, Willow Warbler, Robin and Wren with 2 Redstarts later seen amongst the bushes.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Overcast with low cloud |
| Max Temperature (c) |
10.1 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
7.1 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
33 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
trace |
Monday, 15 April 2013
A changeable morning today with sun, cloud and drizzle all making a show with only the stiff breeze being consistent – much more like April!
Not as many migrants around as I was hoping considering the southerly winds we’ve had although a couple of Wheatear, a dozen Swallow, 2 Sand Martin and a House Martin all noted this morning. Notable today was the first Pied Flycatcher of the year along with the sudden increase in Chiffchaff about, especially in the gully.
A good selection of birds to be seen and heard around the meadows and downland now with a Yellowhammer, 2 Willow Warbler, 5 Blackcap, 2 Coal Tit, a Redstart, a Black Redstart (at Tilly Whim Caves), Greenfinch, Long-tailed Tit, Cock Pheasant, Chaffinch, Sparrowhawk and Kestrel noted. Other birds noted elsewhere today include Firecrest, Goldcrest, Nuthatch, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Green Woodpecker and Peregrine Falcon.
Out on the downland the leaves of Woolly Thistle, Burdock, Early Spider Orchid and Broad-leaved Dock can be found along with the tiny white flowers of Whitlow Grass.
Along the ridge a brave Skylark attempted its display flight once or twice but only ever rose about 15 feet off the ground before descending, probably due to the strong winds and drizzle that had just swept in off the sea. Further down the slope a Meadow Pipit flitted about in the grass.
A quick look down into the lower gully revealed a Roe buck lying up in a nicely sheltered spot and enjoying the sun as it had just reappeared from behind the clouds. A Fox was also noted about the park today.
Some good sightings of seabirds reported today with Arctic Skua, Great Skua, Whimbrel, Sandwich Tern, Common Tern and lots of Guillemot and Razorbill seen. 5 Bottlenose Dolphin have just been reported at the Observation Point (10.45 am)and were heading west.
Not as many migrants around as I was hoping considering the southerly winds we’ve had although a couple of Wheatear, a dozen Swallow, 2 Sand Martin and a House Martin all noted this morning. Notable today was the first Pied Flycatcher of the year along with the sudden increase in Chiffchaff about, especially in the gully.
A good selection of birds to be seen and heard around the meadows and downland now with a Yellowhammer, 2 Willow Warbler, 5 Blackcap, 2 Coal Tit, a Redstart, a Black Redstart (at Tilly Whim Caves), Greenfinch, Long-tailed Tit, Cock Pheasant, Chaffinch, Sparrowhawk and Kestrel noted. Other birds noted elsewhere today include Firecrest, Goldcrest, Nuthatch, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Green Woodpecker and Peregrine Falcon.
Out on the downland the leaves of Woolly Thistle, Burdock, Early Spider Orchid and Broad-leaved Dock can be found along with the tiny white flowers of Whitlow Grass.
Along the ridge a brave Skylark attempted its display flight once or twice but only ever rose about 15 feet off the ground before descending, probably due to the strong winds and drizzle that had just swept in off the sea. Further down the slope a Meadow Pipit flitted about in the grass.
A quick look down into the lower gully revealed a Roe buck lying up in a nicely sheltered spot and enjoying the sun as it had just reappeared from behind the clouds. A Fox was also noted about the park today.
Some good sightings of seabirds reported today with Arctic Skua, Great Skua, Whimbrel, Sandwich Tern, Common Tern and lots of Guillemot and Razorbill seen. 5 Bottlenose Dolphin have just been reported at the Observation Point (10.45 am)and were heading west.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Windy with some sun |
| Max Temperature (c) |
11.5 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
6.8 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
25 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
trace |
Sunday, 14 April 2013
The perfect morning to ‘blow the cobwebs away’! After more heavy rain overnight, the wind has picked up, getting stronger as the day continues. To find out how wind and weather work, come along to the Learning Centre at 2.30pm for a talk, demonstrations, readings and art, presented by meteorologists Sylvia and Howard Oliver.
As I walked up Long Meadow, 4 Swallows whizzed overhead, riding the air straight into the wind, with 8 more seen during the early rounds, suggesting the beginning of a larger movement? Other newly arrived migrants included a Wheatear, staggering sideways across the downs, pushed by the gusty winds, around 100 Meadow Pipits, passing overhead along with 4 Pied Wagtails.
2 Skylarks also seen above the meadows, (though no point trying to sing this morning!), where hundreds of Cowslips nestle among the grass- none taller than my little finger!
A Black Redstart skitters over the rocks at Tilly Whim, with a variety of birds in song among the scrub, including Yellowhammer, Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, Song Thrush, Robin, Blackbird, Dunnock and Great Tit.
A dense green carpet covers the woodland floor, with the leaves of Ramsons, Cow Parsley, Herb Robert, Dog Violet, Cleavers and Stinking Iris all to be found, dappled with bright yellow Lesser Celandine flowers (and its distinctive heart-shaped leaves).
Lots of trees coming into leaf, while one of my favourites, Horse Chestnut is covered with amazingly sticky brown buds, each crowned with a tiny ‘horseshoe’, complete with nails!
Along the cliffs, a pair of Peregrines are out hunting, with 30+ Gannets passing over a white-capped sea. Guillemots and Razorbills form straggling lines on the water, with a aven circling Durlston Head and Fulmars wheeling rather more gracefully around the cliffs.
Highlight of the morning, the weird 'reeling' of a Grasshopper Warbler heard in the meadows.
As I walked up Long Meadow, 4 Swallows whizzed overhead, riding the air straight into the wind, with 8 more seen during the early rounds, suggesting the beginning of a larger movement? Other newly arrived migrants included a Wheatear, staggering sideways across the downs, pushed by the gusty winds, around 100 Meadow Pipits, passing overhead along with 4 Pied Wagtails.
2 Skylarks also seen above the meadows, (though no point trying to sing this morning!), where hundreds of Cowslips nestle among the grass- none taller than my little finger!
A Black Redstart skitters over the rocks at Tilly Whim, with a variety of birds in song among the scrub, including Yellowhammer, Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, Song Thrush, Robin, Blackbird, Dunnock and Great Tit.
A dense green carpet covers the woodland floor, with the leaves of Ramsons, Cow Parsley, Herb Robert, Dog Violet, Cleavers and Stinking Iris all to be found, dappled with bright yellow Lesser Celandine flowers (and its distinctive heart-shaped leaves).
Lots of trees coming into leaf, while one of my favourites, Horse Chestnut is covered with amazingly sticky brown buds, each crowned with a tiny ‘horseshoe’, complete with nails!
Along the cliffs, a pair of Peregrines are out hunting, with 30+ Gannets passing over a white-capped sea. Guillemots and Razorbills form straggling lines on the water, with a aven circling Durlston Head and Fulmars wheeling rather more gracefully around the cliffs.
Highlight of the morning, the weird 'reeling' of a Grasshopper Warbler heard in the meadows.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Sunshine and showers |
| Max Temperature (c) |
9.5 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
8.0 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
31 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
14.7 |
Saturday, 13 April 2013
Fog and a distinct southerly wind were present across the reserve this morning with an early sun trying to burn through but failing with the onset of more fog coming in off the sea.
With the change of wind direction a notable number of migrant birds seen across the reserves expanse of grassland and scrub.
Chiffchaff seemed to be widely spread out with birds seen and heard in most of the fields.
Blackcap also more obvious with several birds singing and a few skulking within hedgerows, just giving off their ‘taking’ calls.
Coming over the brow of the hill onto the downland the wind came rushing up the slopes and felt quite powerful at times as it came in off the sea with some force.
Yellowhammer was noted along the sections of low growing Blackthorn and Gorse whilst several Linnet were noted passing over head.
Some nice patches of Whitlow grass growing amongst the short turf along the ridge – their tiny, small white petals appearing bright amongst the surrounding dullness.
Possibly the same male Meadow Pipit that was singing at the beginning of the week was still displaying within the same area on the slopes next to the gully.
Willow Warbler calls rang out of the gully itself along with the continuous ‘nasal trills’ and ‘sweeing’ calls of Greenfinch.
A Lesser Bloody-nose Beetle came trundling down the path at the top of field 10, its shiny black carapace shining in the little light that surrounded it.
A single Wheatear was also seen within Lighthouse green along with a Black Redstart above the ledges by Tilly Whim caves
With the change of wind direction a notable number of migrant birds seen across the reserves expanse of grassland and scrub.
Chiffchaff seemed to be widely spread out with birds seen and heard in most of the fields.
Blackcap also more obvious with several birds singing and a few skulking within hedgerows, just giving off their ‘taking’ calls.
Coming over the brow of the hill onto the downland the wind came rushing up the slopes and felt quite powerful at times as it came in off the sea with some force.
Yellowhammer was noted along the sections of low growing Blackthorn and Gorse whilst several Linnet were noted passing over head.
Some nice patches of Whitlow grass growing amongst the short turf along the ridge – their tiny, small white petals appearing bright amongst the surrounding dullness.
Possibly the same male Meadow Pipit that was singing at the beginning of the week was still displaying within the same area on the slopes next to the gully.
Willow Warbler calls rang out of the gully itself along with the continuous ‘nasal trills’ and ‘sweeing’ calls of Greenfinch.
A Lesser Bloody-nose Beetle came trundling down the path at the top of field 10, its shiny black carapace shining in the little light that surrounded it.
A single Wheatear was also seen within Lighthouse green along with a Black Redstart above the ledges by Tilly Whim caves
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Fog and moderate winds |
| Max Temperature (c) |
10.2 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
5.6 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
34 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
trace |
Friday, 12 April 2013
A better morning, with a few patches of blue sky showing through as I write and a strong westerly breeze pulling apart thick strands of cloud.
Despite the chilly wind, spring is certainly underway, with a House Martin seen, coming in off the sea – the first at Durlston this year (unless you know otherwise?). 2 Swallows also passing through, along with 50 Meadow Pipits, 6 Pied Wagtails, a Tree Pipit, a Siskin and a Reed Bunting – still more of a trickle than a flood of migrants, but many more should be close behind.
3 newly arrived Wheatears out on the downs, with a beautiful Redstart seen near the Learning Centre, with a Black Redstart in song near Tilly Whim. Chiffchaff, Willlow Warbler and Blackcap also in good voice adding to a swelling chorus. 4 Redwing seen in the meadows, who will soon be heading the other way, returning to Scandinavia, after a winter enjoying our balmy climate!
Elsewhere around the Park, a Stonechat ‘ticks’ from among the Gorse, Yellowhammer and Linnet among the Blackthorn scrub (which is just starting to flower at long last), with a few Goldfinches out looking for breakfast among dry seed-heads.
Rock Pipits are practising their song flights along the clifftop – shooting high into the air, before ‘parachuting’ down on outspread wings and tail. At sea, 5 Whimbrel heading eastwards, with an Arctic Skua, a few Gannets and 18 Scoter along with Herring Gull, Great and Lesser Black-backed Gull, Common Gull, Black-headed Gull and Kittiwake.
A handsome male Roe Deer seen near the Gully – his antlers already clear of fluffy ‘velvet’, with a Stoat bounding across the rough grassland.
Despite the chilly wind, spring is certainly underway, with a House Martin seen, coming in off the sea – the first at Durlston this year (unless you know otherwise?). 2 Swallows also passing through, along with 50 Meadow Pipits, 6 Pied Wagtails, a Tree Pipit, a Siskin and a Reed Bunting – still more of a trickle than a flood of migrants, but many more should be close behind.
3 newly arrived Wheatears out on the downs, with a beautiful Redstart seen near the Learning Centre, with a Black Redstart in song near Tilly Whim. Chiffchaff, Willlow Warbler and Blackcap also in good voice adding to a swelling chorus. 4 Redwing seen in the meadows, who will soon be heading the other way, returning to Scandinavia, after a winter enjoying our balmy climate!
Elsewhere around the Park, a Stonechat ‘ticks’ from among the Gorse, Yellowhammer and Linnet among the Blackthorn scrub (which is just starting to flower at long last), with a few Goldfinches out looking for breakfast among dry seed-heads.
Rock Pipits are practising their song flights along the clifftop – shooting high into the air, before ‘parachuting’ down on outspread wings and tail. At sea, 5 Whimbrel heading eastwards, with an Arctic Skua, a few Gannets and 18 Scoter along with Herring Gull, Great and Lesser Black-backed Gull, Common Gull, Black-headed Gull and Kittiwake.
A handsome male Roe Deer seen near the Gully – his antlers already clear of fluffy ‘velvet’, with a Stoat bounding across the rough grassland.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Dry, with sunny spells |
| Max Temperature (c) |
10.0 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
6.7 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
33 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
5.8 |
Thursday, 11 April 2013
A gloriously WARM (!) start to the day at last with a long period of hazy sunshine early on, although as I sit down to write this diary the cloud cover has moved in. The heavy rain overnight has let the ground sodden once again with large puddles appearing all over the meadows.
Squelching through these meadows I noted how little grass growth there has been due to the low temperatures this spring. From a habitat management point of view this has led to the grasslands being grazed quite low but as we don’t have many Hereford Cattle this very ‘extensive’ style of grazing means we still have a field or two left with a decent amount of grass left for them to feed on. This is not the case for many farmers with higher stocking numbers and many are running out of supplementary feed i.e. hay and silage, so the forecast jump in temperatures forecast this weekend should kick off the first flush of growth.
A few rather short Cowslips around but nowhere near the amount we had by this point last year. Several rogue Daffodils noted around the meadows too, these are not the native Wild Daffodil found in woodlands but are the cultivated garden variety which have no place in wildflower meadows. They do however provide a glorious display in the flowerbeds around the Castle at present. Other flowers noted today include Daisy, Dandelion and the little blue Hairy Violets.
A good morning for bird watching with numerous Blackbird, Dunnock, Great Tit, Greenfinch heard singing along with Willow Warbler, Chiffchaff and Blackcap too. A couple of Black Redstart were also noted today, of which one could be heard singing near the Lighthouse. Also seen on the Lighthouse Green were 4 White Wagtail, these are the continental variety of the Pied Wagtail. Other birds seen today include Buzzard, Peregrine Falcon, Raven, Redstart, Meadow Pipit, Tree Pipit, Siskin and a Cock Pheasant.
From the clifftops Whimbrel, Common Tern, SandwichTern, Gannet, Red-throated Diver, Brent Geese and Red-breasted Merganser were all seen today.
Squelching through these meadows I noted how little grass growth there has been due to the low temperatures this spring. From a habitat management point of view this has led to the grasslands being grazed quite low but as we don’t have many Hereford Cattle this very ‘extensive’ style of grazing means we still have a field or two left with a decent amount of grass left for them to feed on. This is not the case for many farmers with higher stocking numbers and many are running out of supplementary feed i.e. hay and silage, so the forecast jump in temperatures forecast this weekend should kick off the first flush of growth.
A few rather short Cowslips around but nowhere near the amount we had by this point last year. Several rogue Daffodils noted around the meadows too, these are not the native Wild Daffodil found in woodlands but are the cultivated garden variety which have no place in wildflower meadows. They do however provide a glorious display in the flowerbeds around the Castle at present. Other flowers noted today include Daisy, Dandelion and the little blue Hairy Violets.
A good morning for bird watching with numerous Blackbird, Dunnock, Great Tit, Greenfinch heard singing along with Willow Warbler, Chiffchaff and Blackcap too. A couple of Black Redstart were also noted today, of which one could be heard singing near the Lighthouse. Also seen on the Lighthouse Green were 4 White Wagtail, these are the continental variety of the Pied Wagtail. Other birds seen today include Buzzard, Peregrine Falcon, Raven, Redstart, Meadow Pipit, Tree Pipit, Siskin and a Cock Pheasant.
From the clifftops Whimbrel, Common Tern, SandwichTern, Gannet, Red-throated Diver, Brent Geese and Red-breasted Merganser were all seen today.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Sunny and showery |
| Max Temperature (c) |
8.0 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
5.4 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
27 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
9.9 |
Wednesday, 10 April 2013
A bright and pleasant morning with yesterday’s rain making the ground wet but the warming sun making the grasslands glisten and sparkle.
It seemed that spring migration is finally on the up with a pleasant mix of birds seen and heard across the National Nature Reserve.
A Willow Warbler broke into semi song over the far back fields whilst several Chiffchaff were heard in full song.
Walking towards the downlands a Yellow Wagtail flew over whilst a Skylark suddenly broke into song and filled the air with its sweet mix of trills and liquid warbles.
Towards the western border near Belle Vue a Yellowhammer was heard singing its wonderful verse of ‘a little bit of bread and no cheeeese’, whilst the first Redstart of the year was seen moving though the open scrub.
Further along the slopes back towards the Lighthouse, Jackdaws were seen actively looking for food and nesting material along the slopes and a Meadow Pipit in full song was also seen carrying nesting material. This grassland bird species hasn’t bred at Durlston for a few years, so let’s hope they decide to stay.
Stonechats were in their usual place along the coast path calling their unique ‘stone clashing’ call whilst a brief view of a Wheatear was seen over the stones in the middle of Lighthouse green.
Walking back up along the tarmac path up towards the Quarr a male Blackcap skipped along the edges of a section of dense Blackthorn and was shortly joined by a Goldcrest that called continuously before breaking into the open and flying directly over my head.
Shortly after this a Peregrine also passed by above, but much higher and with a clear flight path direction.
Whilst opening the Castle just now I was surprised to find a Pipefish on the garden path. Presumably this long, thin fish with a distinct elongated snout had been dropped by a gull. Putting it into some water it seemed to come back to life, so I then released it back to the sea to swim another day. Plus on my way back 2 Swallows flew over and a Common Lizard in the grass
It seemed that spring migration is finally on the up with a pleasant mix of birds seen and heard across the National Nature Reserve.
A Willow Warbler broke into semi song over the far back fields whilst several Chiffchaff were heard in full song.
Walking towards the downlands a Yellow Wagtail flew over whilst a Skylark suddenly broke into song and filled the air with its sweet mix of trills and liquid warbles.
Towards the western border near Belle Vue a Yellowhammer was heard singing its wonderful verse of ‘a little bit of bread and no cheeeese’, whilst the first Redstart of the year was seen moving though the open scrub.
Further along the slopes back towards the Lighthouse, Jackdaws were seen actively looking for food and nesting material along the slopes and a Meadow Pipit in full song was also seen carrying nesting material. This grassland bird species hasn’t bred at Durlston for a few years, so let’s hope they decide to stay.
Stonechats were in their usual place along the coast path calling their unique ‘stone clashing’ call whilst a brief view of a Wheatear was seen over the stones in the middle of Lighthouse green.
Walking back up along the tarmac path up towards the Quarr a male Blackcap skipped along the edges of a section of dense Blackthorn and was shortly joined by a Goldcrest that called continuously before breaking into the open and flying directly over my head.
Shortly after this a Peregrine also passed by above, but much higher and with a clear flight path direction.
Whilst opening the Castle just now I was surprised to find a Pipefish on the garden path. Presumably this long, thin fish with a distinct elongated snout had been dropped by a gull. Putting it into some water it seemed to come back to life, so I then released it back to the sea to swim another day. Plus on my way back 2 Swallows flew over and a Common Lizard in the grass
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Sunny spells and rain |
| Max Temperature (c) |
|
| Min Temperature (c) |
|
|
Max gust (mph) |
|
| Rainfall (mm) |
Tuesday, 9 April 2013
A chilly grey morning for the early patrol with drizzle falling making the dry mud turn to slippery slimy mud.
Perched on the top of the branches of a Sycamore was a male Kestrel, showing off his grey head and chestnut back.
On the downs a great view of a Wheatear, looking very smart as it stood on limestone rock. A quick flick of his wings and the indicative white rump was immediately noticeable.
In the gully a Willow Warbler and a Black Redstart spotted as well a Chiffchaff and a small flock of Long-tailed Tits, turning upside down as they moved through the Bramble.
One small patch of Blackthorn in flower, the rest have almost no buds emerging also the Gorse providing a splash of yellow across the place.
A short seawatch saw a string of 4 Scoter, a single Sandwich Tern and a number of Gannets, there long white wings soaring just above the grey water.
A few Guillemots circling around and a Razorbill on the cliffs, while a Fulmar glided by in their usual magnificent fashion!
Above the woodland a Peregrine Falcon floating on the air, with a Raven skimming above the tree canopy and a Magpie and Jackdaw both carrying nesting material in their beaks.
In the meadows a few short Cowslips have emerged, while on the top of the Yellow Ant hills patches of Early Scurvy Grass are emerging. The downs has in paces a faint white cover of Common Whitlow Grass – neither of these species are actually grasses!!
Perched on the top of the branches of a Sycamore was a male Kestrel, showing off his grey head and chestnut back.
On the downs a great view of a Wheatear, looking very smart as it stood on limestone rock. A quick flick of his wings and the indicative white rump was immediately noticeable.
In the gully a Willow Warbler and a Black Redstart spotted as well a Chiffchaff and a small flock of Long-tailed Tits, turning upside down as they moved through the Bramble.
One small patch of Blackthorn in flower, the rest have almost no buds emerging also the Gorse providing a splash of yellow across the place.
A short seawatch saw a string of 4 Scoter, a single Sandwich Tern and a number of Gannets, there long white wings soaring just above the grey water.
A few Guillemots circling around and a Razorbill on the cliffs, while a Fulmar glided by in their usual magnificent fashion!
Above the woodland a Peregrine Falcon floating on the air, with a Raven skimming above the tree canopy and a Magpie and Jackdaw both carrying nesting material in their beaks.
In the meadows a few short Cowslips have emerged, while on the top of the Yellow Ant hills patches of Early Scurvy Grass are emerging. The downs has in paces a faint white cover of Common Whitlow Grass – neither of these species are actually grasses!!
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Grey with drizzle |
| Max Temperature (c) |
7.2 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
4.4 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
25 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
4.1 |
Monday, 8 April 2013
A quick litter pick around the car parks first thing revealed not only rubbish, but also the variety of flowers to be found in this seemingly unpromising habitat!
The kerbs provide shelter against the chilly winds and the tarmac mimics the arid, sparsely populated habitat found on rocky cliff-tops and scree slopes. Most eye-catching, the bright blue flowers of the tiny Early Forget-Me-Not, with white-flowered Whitlow Grass, Scarlet Pimpernel and the leaves of Dandelion all found along one stretch of kerb.
A surprisingly good sea-watch this morning, with a wide variety of birds on the move. 8 species of Gull on the wing (including a Little Gull and 2 Mediterranean Gulls), along with 8 Arctic Skuas, 3 Great Skuas, 32 Brent Geese, 23 Scoter, 2 Puffins, 120 Gannets and a Ringed Plover.
Closer in to shore, Razorbills are making their ‘slow-motion’ display flights, while Guillemots are crowded onto the ledges, with more straggling across the water below. Fulmars wheel gracefully above them, with Shags carrying twigs and seaweed back to the cliffs.
A little quiet inland, though this mornings highlight – a pair of male Ring Ouzels on the downs, were a treat. 6 Wheatears also seen strutting across the downs, with 2 Willow Warblers and 7 Chiffchaffs seen or heard among the scrub. Another nice surprise was a Snipe, on the downland slopes.
3 Black Redstarts around the Gully and Tilly Whim – hard to spot until they reveal their fiery red tails, with Peregrine, Merlin and Buzzard all out hunting.
Also seen, a Lesser Bloody-nose Beetle plodding through the grass and a Roe Buck, his antlers covered in soft ‘velvet’.
The kerbs provide shelter against the chilly winds and the tarmac mimics the arid, sparsely populated habitat found on rocky cliff-tops and scree slopes. Most eye-catching, the bright blue flowers of the tiny Early Forget-Me-Not, with white-flowered Whitlow Grass, Scarlet Pimpernel and the leaves of Dandelion all found along one stretch of kerb.
A surprisingly good sea-watch this morning, with a wide variety of birds on the move. 8 species of Gull on the wing (including a Little Gull and 2 Mediterranean Gulls), along with 8 Arctic Skuas, 3 Great Skuas, 32 Brent Geese, 23 Scoter, 2 Puffins, 120 Gannets and a Ringed Plover.
Closer in to shore, Razorbills are making their ‘slow-motion’ display flights, while Guillemots are crowded onto the ledges, with more straggling across the water below. Fulmars wheel gracefully above them, with Shags carrying twigs and seaweed back to the cliffs.
A little quiet inland, though this mornings highlight – a pair of male Ring Ouzels on the downs, were a treat. 6 Wheatears also seen strutting across the downs, with 2 Willow Warblers and 7 Chiffchaffs seen or heard among the scrub. Another nice surprise was a Snipe, on the downland slopes.
3 Black Redstarts around the Gully and Tilly Whim – hard to spot until they reveal their fiery red tails, with Peregrine, Merlin and Buzzard all out hunting.
Also seen, a Lesser Bloody-nose Beetle plodding through the grass and a Roe Buck, his antlers covered in soft ‘velvet’.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Grey, showers later |
| Max Temperature (c) |
- |
| Min Temperature (c) |
- |
|
Max gust (mph) |
- |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0 |
Sunday, 7 April 2013
Off across the downland for my early patrol, where the wheezing of Greenfinches was the most prolific sound, interspersed every now and then were Chaffinches, Dunnock and Robins all singing beautifully.
Perched on a Blackthorn was a Bullfinch, the pink, grey and black standing out against the bare branches, not a spot of blossom to be seen yet.
The Gorse has now burst into bloom, the vibrant yellow flowers catching the eye and the pungent coconut smell the nose.
Amongst the short turf a scattering of Hairy Violets adding a purple colour, Daisy and Whitlow Grass a smattering of white and in the glades and under cover or woodland Lesser Celandine and Primrose provide the yellow. Despite looking as I walked across the turf, no Early Spider Orchids to be seen.
Above the meadows the gorgeous sound of a Skylark tumbled down, a search of the sky could not find what would have been a brown spot in front of the wispy white cloud.
In the gully great views of 3 Roe Deer, the female so well camouflaged I didn’t see her against the dull brown grass until she moved. The two males were much easier to spot, as they stood watching me, both with velvet still covering their antlers.
Flying towards the cliffs were 5 Jackdaws, 3 of whom had beakfuls of grass for their nests.
As I nearer the coast the gargling sound of Guillemots greeted me, over a hundred on the water but none on the upper ledge (the lower ledge is full with about 60 birds). On the cliffs 7 Razorbills occupy various nooks. A Fulmar soared by and 4 Cormorants glided eastwards, these all flying higher than the clifftop and had large white patches under their wings making them so easy to tell from their close relatives the Shags.
Further sightings: 5 Singing Chiffchaff, singing Black Redstart, Red Breasted Merganser and Black-throated Diver
Perched on a Blackthorn was a Bullfinch, the pink, grey and black standing out against the bare branches, not a spot of blossom to be seen yet.
The Gorse has now burst into bloom, the vibrant yellow flowers catching the eye and the pungent coconut smell the nose.
Amongst the short turf a scattering of Hairy Violets adding a purple colour, Daisy and Whitlow Grass a smattering of white and in the glades and under cover or woodland Lesser Celandine and Primrose provide the yellow. Despite looking as I walked across the turf, no Early Spider Orchids to be seen.
Above the meadows the gorgeous sound of a Skylark tumbled down, a search of the sky could not find what would have been a brown spot in front of the wispy white cloud.
In the gully great views of 3 Roe Deer, the female so well camouflaged I didn’t see her against the dull brown grass until she moved. The two males were much easier to spot, as they stood watching me, both with velvet still covering their antlers.
Flying towards the cliffs were 5 Jackdaws, 3 of whom had beakfuls of grass for their nests.
As I nearer the coast the gargling sound of Guillemots greeted me, over a hundred on the water but none on the upper ledge (the lower ledge is full with about 60 birds). On the cliffs 7 Razorbills occupy various nooks. A Fulmar soared by and 4 Cormorants glided eastwards, these all flying higher than the clifftop and had large white patches under their wings making them so easy to tell from their close relatives the Shags.
Further sightings: 5 Singing Chiffchaff, singing Black Redstart, Red Breasted Merganser and Black-throated Diver
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Dry. sunny spells |
| Max Temperature (c) |
7.6 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
2.2 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
16 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0.0 |
Saturday, 6 April 2013
A glorious sunny morning but with the north easterly dominant wind that has been hanging around all week still present and adding a cold feeling to the air.
With the wind in the same direction there is still no sign of the African migrant birds that are usually on our shores by now,
However the forecast predicts a change round to the south east later on today which is set to stay - so at long last we should soon feel some ‘normal’ spring temperatures and get to see spring wildlife boost into life.
Bird life this morning seemed to be enjoying the morning rays with Chaffinch, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Great Tit, Blue Tit, Wren, Blackbird, Robin and Goldcrest all very active amongst the scrubland down within the gully.
A little further along a Stonechat piped up and flew up the steep banks, whilst a couple of Yellowhammer were seen searching amongst the shorter grass patches.
The waves off shore were very sedate this morning and consequentially very little passage witness with just an obvious movement of Black-headed gulls and a single Shelduck passing by.
Along the cliffs Jackdaws go in search of a meal whilst down below on the gently bobbing waters a group of 10 Razorbills and 35 Guillemots preen amongst the water.
The morning sun was just right for Adders to bask in the heat above the entrance to Tilly Whim caves. Now is the perfect time to see them as they warm up their ectothermic (animals that cannot regulate their body temperature) bodies before going in search of a meal across the National Nature Reserve.
Small numbers of Meadow Pipits passed by over the downland, whilst the distinct ‘drumming’ sound of a Great Spotted Woodpecker came ringing out of the large copse.
The long drawn out ‘mewing’ of a Buzzard also drew my attention as this large raptor flew over the back meadow.
Further sightings: Peacock butterfly flying in the sun around Centenary meadow.
With the wind in the same direction there is still no sign of the African migrant birds that are usually on our shores by now,
However the forecast predicts a change round to the south east later on today which is set to stay - so at long last we should soon feel some ‘normal’ spring temperatures and get to see spring wildlife boost into life.
Bird life this morning seemed to be enjoying the morning rays with Chaffinch, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Great Tit, Blue Tit, Wren, Blackbird, Robin and Goldcrest all very active amongst the scrubland down within the gully.
A little further along a Stonechat piped up and flew up the steep banks, whilst a couple of Yellowhammer were seen searching amongst the shorter grass patches.
The waves off shore were very sedate this morning and consequentially very little passage witness with just an obvious movement of Black-headed gulls and a single Shelduck passing by.
Along the cliffs Jackdaws go in search of a meal whilst down below on the gently bobbing waters a group of 10 Razorbills and 35 Guillemots preen amongst the water.
The morning sun was just right for Adders to bask in the heat above the entrance to Tilly Whim caves. Now is the perfect time to see them as they warm up their ectothermic (animals that cannot regulate their body temperature) bodies before going in search of a meal across the National Nature Reserve.
Small numbers of Meadow Pipits passed by over the downland, whilst the distinct ‘drumming’ sound of a Great Spotted Woodpecker came ringing out of the large copse.
The long drawn out ‘mewing’ of a Buzzard also drew my attention as this large raptor flew over the back meadow.
Further sightings: Peacock butterfly flying in the sun around Centenary meadow.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Sunny and getting warmer |
| Max Temperature (c) |
6.5 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
0.2 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
33 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0.0 |
Friday, 5 April 2013
Much of the same this morning with a cold north easterly wind but with a glimmer of hope coming from a change in the wind direction over the weekend – hopefully spring is not far away!
Even under the cold and grey conditions there is still activity to be found across the reserve with bird life out and about looking for a meal, a territory or simply trying to stay warm.
Black Redstarts are abundant with a couple seen feeding amongst the shorter turf around the centre of Saxon meadow, 1 in the gully and several reported over the reserves border at California Farm.
A couple of Wheatears hop over the boulders around Lighthouse green, their white and black T shaped tail clear to see as they skip away down the slopes.
A couple of calling Stonechats were also noted along the scrubland edges whilst several finches were noted including Redpoll, Siskin, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Bullfinch and Chaffinch.
A female Roe Deer slowly emerged from within the thick mass of Blackthorn, Gorse and Clematis before casually strolling across the steep banks, her summer pelage just starting to come through.
Nice to see violets adding a splash of colour to an otherwise grey and dull day – Common Dog Violet growing in large clumps along the edge of the woodland, with Hairy Violet on display across downland.
A few Thrushes also noted this morning with Redwing passing by above the back fields with good numbers of Blackbirds and Song Thrush noted. The latter two thrushes indicated a continental origin due to their larger size and much greyer appearance.
A scattering of Blackcaps and Chiffchaff were noted throughout the back farmland along with a small passage of 50 Meadow Pipits and a single Reed Bunting.
Further sightings at sea included 26 Common Scoter, 2 Great-northern Diver, 3 Shoveler duck and singles of Kittiwake, Sandwich Tern and Mediterranean Gull.
Even under the cold and grey conditions there is still activity to be found across the reserve with bird life out and about looking for a meal, a territory or simply trying to stay warm.
Black Redstarts are abundant with a couple seen feeding amongst the shorter turf around the centre of Saxon meadow, 1 in the gully and several reported over the reserves border at California Farm.
A couple of Wheatears hop over the boulders around Lighthouse green, their white and black T shaped tail clear to see as they skip away down the slopes.
A couple of calling Stonechats were also noted along the scrubland edges whilst several finches were noted including Redpoll, Siskin, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Bullfinch and Chaffinch.
A female Roe Deer slowly emerged from within the thick mass of Blackthorn, Gorse and Clematis before casually strolling across the steep banks, her summer pelage just starting to come through.
Nice to see violets adding a splash of colour to an otherwise grey and dull day – Common Dog Violet growing in large clumps along the edge of the woodland, with Hairy Violet on display across downland.
A few Thrushes also noted this morning with Redwing passing by above the back fields with good numbers of Blackbirds and Song Thrush noted. The latter two thrushes indicated a continental origin due to their larger size and much greyer appearance.
A scattering of Blackcaps and Chiffchaff were noted throughout the back farmland along with a small passage of 50 Meadow Pipits and a single Reed Bunting.
Further sightings at sea included 26 Common Scoter, 2 Great-northern Diver, 3 Shoveler duck and singles of Kittiwake, Sandwich Tern and Mediterranean Gull.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
cold but becoming warmer ober w/e |
| Max Temperature (c) |
5.2 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
1.0 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
34 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
Thursday, 4 April 2013
Another chilly start to the day, with a sharp north-westerly wind – while March may have “come in like a lion”, it certainly doesn’t show any signs of going out “like a lamb”.
Nonetheless, signs of spring are all around, despite the weather. In the Lighthouse Field, Hairy Violets are starting to dapple the grassland, nestled in the shelter of clumps of Tor Grass, with Whitlow Grass in flower on the shorter turf.
After torrential rain earlier in the month, the recent cold and dry weather means some of the downland paths are starting to look dry and dusty. Fox musk hangs in the air in the shelter of the Large Copse, with a Roe Deer seen bounding past nearby.
A pair of Wheatears strut across the downs, in their smart black , white and grey plumage, with no less than 3 Black Redstarts seen in the Gully – their rusty red tails looking magnificent in the sunshine.
In the scrub and bushes, 10 Chiffchaffs and a Willow Warbler seen, along with 4 Blackcaps, with a handsome male Bullfinch looking very striking.
Out in the meadows, Cowslips are starting to flower, though none taller than my little finger! Overhead, Siskins, Linnets, Goldfinches, Pied Wagtails and Meadow Pipits pass through, though still in drips and drabs rather than the torrent which should come soon.
A quiet morning at sea, with a few Gannets, a Sandwich Tern and 5 Scoter the only birds of note.
Elsewhere around the Park, a Stonechat seen among the flowering Gorse, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Nuthatch, Jay and Coal Tit in the woods, with Sparrowhawk, Kestrel, Merlin and Peregrine all out hunting.
A Fox seen, trotting across a path, while the café’s laundry bag was being investigated by a Badger first thing!
Nonetheless, signs of spring are all around, despite the weather. In the Lighthouse Field, Hairy Violets are starting to dapple the grassland, nestled in the shelter of clumps of Tor Grass, with Whitlow Grass in flower on the shorter turf.
After torrential rain earlier in the month, the recent cold and dry weather means some of the downland paths are starting to look dry and dusty. Fox musk hangs in the air in the shelter of the Large Copse, with a Roe Deer seen bounding past nearby.
A pair of Wheatears strut across the downs, in their smart black , white and grey plumage, with no less than 3 Black Redstarts seen in the Gully – their rusty red tails looking magnificent in the sunshine.
In the scrub and bushes, 10 Chiffchaffs and a Willow Warbler seen, along with 4 Blackcaps, with a handsome male Bullfinch looking very striking.
Out in the meadows, Cowslips are starting to flower, though none taller than my little finger! Overhead, Siskins, Linnets, Goldfinches, Pied Wagtails and Meadow Pipits pass through, though still in drips and drabs rather than the torrent which should come soon.
A quiet morning at sea, with a few Gannets, a Sandwich Tern and 5 Scoter the only birds of note.
Elsewhere around the Park, a Stonechat seen among the flowering Gorse, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Nuthatch, Jay and Coal Tit in the woods, with Sparrowhawk, Kestrel, Merlin and Peregrine all out hunting.
A Fox seen, trotting across a path, while the café’s laundry bag was being investigated by a Badger first thing!
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Dry and cool |
| Max Temperature (c) |
5.6 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
0.9 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
30 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0 |
Wednesday, 3 April 2013
Durlston was bathed in bright sunshine for the early patrol, quite glorious especially out of the cold north-easterly wind. Above Johnston meadow a Skylark was singing beautifully, the brown dot eventually spotted against the blue sky, and still the song rang out.
The seeping of Greenfinches heard from the scrub on the edge of the downs and a Chiffchaff uttered a monotonous call from the same area of Blackthorn.
At this time of year the fields would normally be carpeted with Cowslips – this year just a few have dared to rise up so far. A few other flowers are in bloom including a scattering of Lesser Celandine, Primroses, Daffodils, and the delicate Narcissus. Hairy Violet is emerging on the downs with Whitlow Grass while Common Dog Violets and in bloom on the woodland edge.
Down in the gully by the warm crags a stunning male Black Redstart – the red tail in stark contrast to the charcoal black torso. 2 brown female (type) Black Redstart also here. A Willow Warbler in the Hawthorn bushes and a Blackcap called from the Old Mans’ Beard.
Flitting ahead was a Wheatear, the white rump standing out as it flew, the delicate sandy coloured plumage backlit by the sun when it perched upright on the rock.
Trundling across the short downland turf was a number of Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetles, one of the few insects braving the cold.
Above the landslip 2 Sparrowhawks displayed, the female bigger and browner that the slate grey male. A Peregrine Falcon soared above the cliffs and a Buzzard took flight from the Sycamores at the edge of Hingston Copse.
Overhead migration comprised of 1 Golden Plover, 4 Siskin and flocks of Meadow Pipits, Goldfinches, Linnets and a few Pied Wagtails.
In a woodland glade a male Roe Deer was sunbathing.
The seeping of Greenfinches heard from the scrub on the edge of the downs and a Chiffchaff uttered a monotonous call from the same area of Blackthorn.
At this time of year the fields would normally be carpeted with Cowslips – this year just a few have dared to rise up so far. A few other flowers are in bloom including a scattering of Lesser Celandine, Primroses, Daffodils, and the delicate Narcissus. Hairy Violet is emerging on the downs with Whitlow Grass while Common Dog Violets and in bloom on the woodland edge.
Down in the gully by the warm crags a stunning male Black Redstart – the red tail in stark contrast to the charcoal black torso. 2 brown female (type) Black Redstart also here. A Willow Warbler in the Hawthorn bushes and a Blackcap called from the Old Mans’ Beard.
Flitting ahead was a Wheatear, the white rump standing out as it flew, the delicate sandy coloured plumage backlit by the sun when it perched upright on the rock.
Trundling across the short downland turf was a number of Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetles, one of the few insects braving the cold.
Above the landslip 2 Sparrowhawks displayed, the female bigger and browner that the slate grey male. A Peregrine Falcon soared above the cliffs and a Buzzard took flight from the Sycamores at the edge of Hingston Copse.
Overhead migration comprised of 1 Golden Plover, 4 Siskin and flocks of Meadow Pipits, Goldfinches, Linnets and a few Pied Wagtails.
In a woodland glade a male Roe Deer was sunbathing.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Sunny |
| Max Temperature (c) |
7.8 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
-0.4 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
26 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0.0 |
Tuesday, 2 April 2013
A biting north easterly wind blows in from across Poole Bay this morning chilling you to the bone – the Wheatear on Lighthouse Green were hunkered down to avoid the icy blast and must be wondering whether they’ve arrived in the wrong country.
The frost covering the grass sparkles as the early morning sun hit it but disappears shortly afterwards and the ice in the water troughs needed to be broken so the Hereford Cattle could get their morning drink.
Not many birds braving the channel crossing to migrate in, hardly a surprise given the constant mix of northerly and easterly winds. A swing round to a southerly direction for a few days should see a rapid increase in arrivals. A few birds seen coming over this morning, notably a flock of 50+ Woodpigeon to join the others dotted around the park.
A Roebuck quietly slid out of the cover in the Small Copse before realising it was being observed – this led to one of those rare moments where the animal froze and you could get a really good look at its pelage and facial expressions before it bounded away.
A good few Thrush species about with Fieldfare and Redwing noted today – rather late in the season to see these birds, but if Scandinavia is suffering similarly cold weather who could blame them for staying south a little longer? Numerous Blackbird seen today along with a Song Thrush heard blasting out its repetitive song.
A good range of birds noted today with 150 Meadow Pipit, 12 Wheatear, 6 Linnet, 4 Pied Wagtail, 4 Blackcap, 3 Stonechat, 3 Siskin, 2 Stock Dove and 2 Black Redstart all recorded.
Get out of the wind and find a sunny spot as well and the weather seems much warmer than it is in the wind – this is what a male Adder was doing down at the entrance to Tilly Whim caves.
The frost covering the grass sparkles as the early morning sun hit it but disappears shortly afterwards and the ice in the water troughs needed to be broken so the Hereford Cattle could get their morning drink.
Not many birds braving the channel crossing to migrate in, hardly a surprise given the constant mix of northerly and easterly winds. A swing round to a southerly direction for a few days should see a rapid increase in arrivals. A few birds seen coming over this morning, notably a flock of 50+ Woodpigeon to join the others dotted around the park.
A Roebuck quietly slid out of the cover in the Small Copse before realising it was being observed – this led to one of those rare moments where the animal froze and you could get a really good look at its pelage and facial expressions before it bounded away.
A good few Thrush species about with Fieldfare and Redwing noted today – rather late in the season to see these birds, but if Scandinavia is suffering similarly cold weather who could blame them for staying south a little longer? Numerous Blackbird seen today along with a Song Thrush heard blasting out its repetitive song.
A good range of birds noted today with 150 Meadow Pipit, 12 Wheatear, 6 Linnet, 4 Pied Wagtail, 4 Blackcap, 3 Stonechat, 3 Siskin, 2 Stock Dove and 2 Black Redstart all recorded.
Get out of the wind and find a sunny spot as well and the weather seems much warmer than it is in the wind – this is what a male Adder was doing down at the entrance to Tilly Whim caves.
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Cold and sunny |
| Max Temperature (c) |
5.6 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
-0.2 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
33 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0 |
Monday, 1 April 2013
Another cold and bitter morning with the dominant easterly winds still present and due to stay until the end of the week.
With many African migrant birds held back by the cold conditions felt across northern Europe the reserve seemed very quiet compared to this time last year.
A few hardy birds still to be found if you persist however with over 100 Meadow Pipits seen passing throughout the course of the morning.
A single Wheatear hopped around the short turf along Lighthouse green looking for any insects that were brave enough to venture out into the open.
Along the scrubby edge a male Stonechat called his typical alarm call with a high pitched ‘sweeeet’ being finish with a couple of ‘chak chak’ notes – sounding not unlike two stones being knocked together.
Whilst walking through Centenary meadow I was reminded of recent article I read in the Journal of Ecology of how some plants, when faced with long spells of cold conditions close to their flowering dates undergo a change in their biochemical makeup and have been found to have developed a different colour to their traditional petal shade. This is something I witnessed for myself when I came across a newly emerged group of Cowslips, one of which displayed light blue petals instead of the usual yellow.
Down amongst the large boulders besides Tilly Whim caves a male Black Redstart was seen. Presumable this is may be the breeding male from last year returning for hopefully another attempt.
Back up at the learning Centre a few species of finch were noted including Bullfinch, Chaffinch, Greenfinch and Goldfinch as well as a couple of calling Chiffchaffs.
Further sightings from a sea watch undertaken by Warren throughout the morning included 280 Brent Geese, 1 Red-throated Diver, 10 Common Scoter, 1 Woodcock, 1100 Meadow Pipits, coming in off the sea from which a couple of Peregrines were seen catching 2 birds, plus the highlight of morning which included 4 Scaup seen heading east
With many African migrant birds held back by the cold conditions felt across northern Europe the reserve seemed very quiet compared to this time last year.
A few hardy birds still to be found if you persist however with over 100 Meadow Pipits seen passing throughout the course of the morning.
A single Wheatear hopped around the short turf along Lighthouse green looking for any insects that were brave enough to venture out into the open.
Along the scrubby edge a male Stonechat called his typical alarm call with a high pitched ‘sweeeet’ being finish with a couple of ‘chak chak’ notes – sounding not unlike two stones being knocked together.
Whilst walking through Centenary meadow I was reminded of recent article I read in the Journal of Ecology of how some plants, when faced with long spells of cold conditions close to their flowering dates undergo a change in their biochemical makeup and have been found to have developed a different colour to their traditional petal shade. This is something I witnessed for myself when I came across a newly emerged group of Cowslips, one of which displayed light blue petals instead of the usual yellow.
Down amongst the large boulders besides Tilly Whim caves a male Black Redstart was seen. Presumable this is may be the breeding male from last year returning for hopefully another attempt.
Back up at the learning Centre a few species of finch were noted including Bullfinch, Chaffinch, Greenfinch and Goldfinch as well as a couple of calling Chiffchaffs.
Further sightings from a sea watch undertaken by Warren throughout the morning included 280 Brent Geese, 1 Red-throated Diver, 10 Common Scoter, 1 Woodcock, 1100 Meadow Pipits, coming in off the sea from which a couple of Peregrines were seen catching 2 birds, plus the highlight of morning which included 4 Scaup seen heading east
Daily Weather Records |
|
| Outlook |
Cold and grey with some sunny spells |
| Max Temperature (c) |
6.1 |
| Min Temperature (c) |
2.0 |
|
Max gust (mph) |
28 |
| Rainfall (mm) |
0.0 |
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